Archive for the ‘USA’ Category

It is very unfair indeed

1) How do you prevent your own employee to make unfair investment?
2) How do you monitor your own employee to make unfair investment?
3) Is it a crime to use your money to buy and sell continuously in the market? If borrow money to make investment based on someone else’s idea, how unfair can it be?
4) Is it fair for investment banks that make big investment and at the same time relase investment information and reports on the stock maket?

http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aFeyqdzYcizc

Goldman Sachs Loses Grip on Its Doomsday Machine: Jonathan Weil

Commentary by Jonathan Weil

July 9 (Bloomberg) — Never let it be said that the Justice Department can’t move quickly when it gets a hot tip about an alleged crime at a Wall Street bank. It does help, though, if the party doing the complaining is the bank itself, and not merely an aggrieved customer.

Another plus is if the bank tells the feds the security of the U.S. financial markets is at stake. This brings us to the strange tale of Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Sergey Aleynikov.

Aleynikov, 39, is the former Goldman computer programmer who was arrested on theft charges July 3 as he stepped off a flight at Liberty International Airport in Newark, New Jersey. That was two days after Goldman told the government he had stolen its secret, rapid-fire, stock- and commodities-trading software in early June during his last week as a Goldman employee. Prosecutors say Aleynikov uploaded the program code to an unidentified Web site server in Germany.

It wasn’t just Goldman that faced imminent harm if Aleynikov were to be released, Assistant U.S. Attorney Joseph Facciponti told a federal magistrate judge at his July 4 bail hearing in New York. The 34-year-old prosecutor also dropped this bombshell: “The bank has raised the possibility that there is a danger that somebody who knew how to use this program could use it to manipulate markets in unfair ways.”

How could somebody do this? The precise answer isn’t obvious — we’re talking about a black-box trading system here. And Facciponti didn’t elaborate. You don’t need a Goldman Sachs doomsday machine to manipulate markets, of course. A false rumor expertly planted using an ordinary telephone often will do just fine. In any event, the judge rejected Facciponti’s argument that Aleynikov posed a danger to the community, and ruled he could go free on $750,000 bail. He was released July 6.

Market Manipulation

All this leaves us to wonder: Did Goldman really tell the government its high-speed, high-volume, algorithmic-trading program can be used to manipulate markets in unfair ways, as Facciponti said? And shouldn’t Goldman’s bosses be worried this revelation may cause lots of people to start hypothesizing aloud about whether Goldman itself might misuse this program?

Here’s some of what we do know. Aleynikov, a citizen of the U.S. and Russia, left his $400,000-a-year salary at Goldman for a chance to triple his pay at a start-up firm in Chicago co- founded by Misha Malyshev, a former Citadel Investment Group LLC trader. Malyshev, who oversaw high-frequency trading at Citadel, said his firm, Teza Technologies LLC, first learned about the alleged theft July 5 and suspended Aleynikov without pay.

‘Preposterous’ Charges

Aleynikov’s attorney, Sabrina Shroff, told the judge at the bail hearing that Aleynikov never intended to use the downloaded material “in any proprietary way” and that the government’s charges were “preposterous.”

Goldman isn’t commenting publicly about any of this, though it seems the bank’s bosses want us to believe there’s no need to worry. On July 6, Dow Jones Newswires quoted a “person familiar with the matter” saying this: “The theft has had no impact on our clients and no impact on our business.” Note that this person was so familiar with Goldman that he or she spoke of Goldman’s clients as “our clients” and Goldman’s business as “our business.”

By comparison, last Saturday, while most Americans were enjoying the Fourth of July holiday, Facciponti was in court warning of looming threats to Goldman and the financial markets.

“The copy in Germany is still out there,” the prosecutor said, according to an audio recording of the hearing. “And we at this time do not know who else has access to it and what’s going to happen to that software.”

Secret Software

“We believe that if the defendant is at liberty, there is a substantial danger that he will obtain access to that software and send it on to whoever may need it,” Facciponti said. “And keep in mind, this is worth millions of dollars.”

By “millions,” it’s unclear if that would be enough to match Goldman Chief Executive Lloyd Blankfein’s $70.3 million compensation package for 2007. Or perhaps millions means thousands of millions, otherwise known as billions.

Facciponti said the bank told the government that “they do not believe that any steps they can take would mitigate the danger of this program being released.” He added: “Once it is out there, anybody will be able to use this, and their market share will be adversely affected.” All Aleynikov would need to get the code from the German server is maybe 10 minutes with a cell phone and an Internet connection, Facciponti said.

Judge’s Ruling

The hole in Facciponti’s argument was that the government offered no evidence that Aleynikov had tried to disseminate the software during the month prior to his arrest, after he downloaded it and had left his job at Goldman. That’s the main reason the judge, Kevin N. Fox, cited in ruling Aleynikov could be released on bail.

“We don’t deal with speculation when we come to court,” Fox said. “We deal with facts.”

Meantime, it would be nice to see someone at Goldman go on the record to explain what’s stopping the world’s most powerful investment bank from using its trading program in unfair ways, too. Oh yes, and could the bank be a bit more careful about safeguarding its trading programs from now on? Hopefully the government is asking the same questions already.

(Jonathan Weil is a Bloomberg News columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.)

銀行白癡?

賺夠退休 次按贏家嘲銀行白癡
華爾街大行員工照分紅5430億 2008年10月19日

【明報專訊】去年在次按風暴中令旗下對基金逆市勁賺8倍、得以一夜成名的金融奇葩萊赫德,宣告「賺夠」引退。這位對基金公司青年老闆還發出既幽默又叫人咬牙切齒的「告別信」,感謝那些「愚蠢」的銀行交易對手助他賺大錢。但諷刺的是,這些銀行的許多高層今年仍可分到巨額薪金花紅。英國《衛報》稱,華爾街金融從業員本年將可獲逾5430億港元薪酬。

創辦加州「萊赫德資金管理」公司、現年37歲的萊赫德(Andrew Lahde),去年運用信貸衍生工具, 與銀行交易,重槌押注包括次按在內的債券和貸款資產價值會大跌,結果賺得盤滿缽滿。但他上月已陸續把託管投資的錢歸還給客戶,原因是跟他交易的銀行太脆弱,現在繼續運用信貸衍生工具去賺錢,風險實在太高。

諷銀行高層蠢 助他賺大錢

他在寫給客戶的兩頁長告別信中,直言參與這場遊戲純粹為錢,現在他已變得討厭對基金這門生意。他諷刺官商金融界內,處處都有躋身高位的蠢材,讓他可輕而易舉「反其道而行」去賺大錢。他說﹕「低懸的果實唾手可得。我所說的果實,就是那班靠父母付錢,上耶魯大學讀書、之後又去攻讀哈佛工商管理碩士的白癡。這班(通常)實際與所受(或以為接受了的)學歷不相稱的人,晉升到諸如AIG、貝爾斯登和雷曼兄弟等金融大機構,乃至我國政府各個範疇的高層。所有這些行為,都是要去支撐精英貴族管治,然而最終卻讓我更易找到蠢到願意跟我做『對家』去交易的笨蛋。主祐美國!」

毋視華府計劃 投行未削支薪預算

華爾街大行追求暴利罔顧風險,引發百年一遇的金融海嘯,金融股全面暴跌,最後更要由華府出手,用7000億美元公帑收拾殘局。但《衛報》指美國6間主要銀行包括花旗、高盛等的員工,今年仍可望如常領取巨額薪金花紅,總額估計逾700億美元(約5430億港元),部分銀行家的薪金花紅更是不跌反升,儘管華府的拯救計劃表明,只有願意接受薪酬管制的機構,才能得到政府注資打救。

《衛報》稱,美國多間銀行最近公布的本年度支薪預算中,都沒打算削減員工的薪金花紅。雷曼兄弟申請破產前公布61.2億美元(約475億港元)支薪預算,儘管過去1年雷曼的業績,由淨收入149億美元,跌至淨蝕6400萬美元,但雷曼仍堅持支薪預算合理。大部分對投資銀行巨額花紅制度感到憤怒的人,都將矛頭指向這些銀行的董事高層,諸如前雷曼總裁富爾德及美林前主席奧尼爾。

英金融從業員花紅 較03年增兩倍

英國銀行的花紅亦不遑多讓。據英國官方統計,截止今年4月的財政年度,英國金融從業員共獲160億鎊花紅,與去年相約,比03年的50億鎊增加逾兩倍。儘管逾百萬員工均可分享花紅,但高層的花紅卻多數達7位數字,如巴克萊銀行總裁戴蒙德去年底薪為25萬鎊,年終花紅及期權卻達1800萬鎊。

衛報/彭博通訊社

The National Debt Clock

紐約著名的「國債鐘」(the National Debt Clock)破表了,因為這塊電子告示牌只能容納13位阿拉伯數字,無法顯示14位數字的10兆美元。(圖/美聯社)
國際中心/編譯

美國通過8500億美元修正版紓困案之後,美國人肩負的國債更加吃重,目前美國國債已經超過10兆多美元,不僅民眾吃不消,就連紐約時代廣場附近著名的「國債鐘」(the National Debt Clock)也破表,因為這塊電子告示牌只能容納13位阿拉伯數字,無法顯示14位數字的10兆美元。

美國著名的國債鐘大大的紅色數字不斷往上跳,美國人的心也跟著痛一次,因為這代表美國國債又增加了。事實上這塊告示牌已經無法準確顯示美國目前的國債,因為美國的國債已經達到10兆多美元,反觀國債鐘才只有顯示到9000多億美元,也就是說美國國債已經「破表」了。國債鐘設立人德斯特(Seymour B. Durst)的後代表示,「10兆這個數字遠超過我父親在1980年代的想像。」

國債鐘是已故房地產業者德斯特在1989年設立,當初設立後,因為美國國債不斷創新高,而曾經3度增加鐘面顯示位數,其實在2000年9月美國國債數字下降,國債鐘也曾經一度關閉,沒想到近年來美國國債又快速升高。

自2007年9月底開始,美國國債平均每天增加27.6億美元,截至國債鐘破表以前,每戶美國家庭至少都背負了8萬多美元國債,每天走過這裡的美國人,心裡直淌血,一位美國人說,「我盡量不去看那個鐘,有時會故意看別的地方,但是它像是令人心碎的櫥窗,你無法不看,太可怕了,你就是得看,我看到帝國在墜落,我很難過。」

真相令人不敢面對,但是國債鐘設立機構已經打算把告示牌增加兩位數字到15位數,忠實呈現美國正面臨的危機。(新聞來源:東森新聞記者詹珝榕)

Globalization?

貪平採購 引起四宗事故
大陸黑心晶片玩殘美軍

05/10/2008

【本報訊】中國偽劣商品除禍害普通消費者,甚至連美國軍備都中招。美國媒體報道,中國出口的「黑心晶片」或對美軍構成安全威脅,部分小型軍品供應商為謀取暴利,涉嫌以低價買入中國「山寨廠」生產的翻版偽劣電子零件,轉售到美國國防部,從而安裝到美國的軍事武器。
據美國《商業週刊》報道,這些「黑心晶片」之所以會流入美國軍品市場,是因為早在克林頓政府以來,美國為了節省開支,批准國防部在一九九四年修改軍品零件只能向原廠及其授權廠商購買的規定,從此一些從事軍品買賣的小貿易商如雨後春筍般冒出。

報道指出,位於廣東汕頭市潮南區的貴嶼,是世界最大的電子廢物拆解處理集散地。

內地廢物處理商人回收的舊電子零件,經過塗改零件生產日期和偽裝之後,通過美國的一些小貿易商,以低廉的價格回流進入了美國國防部。

據估計,美國國防部為了維繫機齡在十至二十年間的戰機、船艦繼續活動,每年花費大約三十五億美元(約二百七十億港元)購買軍事備用晶片。

一些從中國進口的小貿易商出售的晶片價格低廉,往往成功取得國防部的定單。

15%替代零件屬假貨
報道說,透過對四宗懷疑因「黑心晶片」引起的軍方事故,經調查證實問題產品全來自中國。負責調查的美國海軍航空系統官員恩斯特估計,美國軍方買進的備用、替代零件中,至少有一成五是假貨,美國軍備已存在安全隱患。

Support South Ossetia and Abkhazia

If USA supports the independent of Tibet, USA should also support South Ossetia and Abkhazia to join or leave any country.

外地評論摘要﹕高加索邁向和平之路

2008年8月16日

【明報專訊】“格俄戰爭

親西方的格魯吉亞軍隊上周末大舉進攻鬧獨立的親俄南奧塞梯自治州,俄國隨即以保護當地俄羅斯公民、支援當地俄羅斯維和部隊為名,派軍進入南奧塞梯,兩國交戰數日後格軍戰敗求和。西方社會大肆抨擊俄國入侵鄰國,但前蘇聯總統戈爾巴喬夫則反駁,西方國家的立場並不持平。”

美國《華盛頓郵報》8月12日評論

作者:戈爾巴喬夫(前蘇聯總統)

南奧塞梯過去一周所發生的事令人震驚和心痛之餘,亦是對所有人的警告。

今次的悲劇源於1991年,格魯吉亞的分離主義領袖決定廢除南奧塞梯的自治權,令南奧塞梯成為格魯吉亞的計時炸彈。每當格魯吉亞領袖試圖將意志加諸南奧塞梯或阿布哈茲(兩地的自治權問題雷同),情只會愈壞,傷口只會愈來愈深。

但政治解決還是可行的。南奧塞梯情過去稍為平靜了一段時間,因為由俄羅斯、格魯吉亞及南奧塞梯人組成的維和部隊履行了職責,當地的南奧塞梯及格魯吉亞民眾至少可以求同存異。

這些年來,俄國一直尊重格國的領土完整。南奧塞梯問題只有以和平手段解決,但格國領袖卻破壞這關鍵原則。

8月7日發生的事是難以理解的。格軍襲擊南奧塞梯首府,火箭炮大規模摧眦當地,俄國因而必須採取行動回應。指控俄國入侵「弱小」的格國不單是偽善,亦欠缺人性。

向無辜者採取軍事行動是鹵莽的決定,所釀成的悲慘結果亦顯而易見。格國領導人只是自恃得到更強大的國家鼓勵和支持才會這樣做。百計美軍專家訓練格軍,格國的先進的武器則購自多個國家,再加上北約會籍的承諾,這令格國滿以為可以無後顧之憂在南奧塞梯發動閃電戰。

換言之,格國總統薩卡什維利期望西方會無條件支持他,西方亦給他理由期盼。格國兵敗後,格國及其支持者要檢討一下。除了要盡快消除敵意、協助戰爭受害者外,考慮如何解決背後的根本問題亦同樣重要。

高加索是一個需要極小心處理的地區,而南奧塞梯問題是高加索地區最難處理的議題之一。

南奧塞梯及阿布哈茲問題初起之時,我建議成立聯邦,並賦予這兩個共和國廣泛的自治權。但這建議被否決,格魯吉亞人尤其反對。他們的態度慢慢改變了,但自上周後,要根據此基礎達成協議已更難。

新仇舊恨,療傷是需要耐心和對話的漫長過程,必要前提是不使用武力。要解決問題,除了耐性外,還需要智慧。

高加索地區的小國過去一直能和平共處,寬容及合作令生活才可以如常。地區的領袖一定要明白這道理。他們不應訴諸軍事力量,而是要致力為永久和平奠基。

一些西方國家過去數天所持的立場是失諸持平的,這令聯合國安理會並未能在危機之初採取有效行動。美國宣稱高加索是「國家利益範圍」,那是一大錯誤。承認俄國基於地理及歷史的理由而植根當地,那是基本常識。俄國並不期求領土擴張,但卻是該地合理的利益攸關者。

國際社會的長遠目的會是成立一個地區的安全及合作機制,使軍事挑釁及同類危機不會再發生。建立這樣的機制並不容易,而且只能通過地區國家合作才能達成。地區以外的國家只能以一持平和客觀的立場,才可以協助。今次事件一大教訓是,地緣政治角力是危險的。

Phony USA Series 1

美除曼德拉「恐怖主義」惡名

2008年7月3日

【明報專訊】美國總統布殊周二簽署法案,終把90歲的南非前總統曼德拉(Nelson Mandela)及其他執政非洲國民大會(ANC)領導人,從「恐怖主義觀察名單」中除名,曼德拉等人以後訪美,再毋須由國務卿發出豁免簽證。美國一名參議員表示,新法案是去除對「這名偉大領袖的不尊重羞辱」。美國國務卿賴斯亦直言,對曼德拉的入境限制「令人尷尬」。

曾長期支持南非白人種族隔離政權的美國國會,於1980年代立法將當時反對種族歧視制度的非國大成員(包括曼德拉)列入恐怖主義觀察名單,除到紐約聯合國總部外,他們赴美其他地方都須獲國務卿批准。

英國廣播公司